In January 1952 Ernesto Guevara, a 23-year-old medical student from Buenos Aires, and his friend Alberto Granado, a 29-year-old biochemist, set off to cross South America on an old 1939 Norton 500 they called La Poderosa, "The Mighty One". The bike died in Chile, and they went on by truck, steamer, raft, horse and on foot — some 8,000 kilometres in about nine months, ending at a leper colony on the Amazon and in Caracas.
Guevara's diary of the trip, published decades later as The Motorcycle Diaries, records how poverty, exploited miners and the lepers they worked with changed him; within a few years he was "Che", a leader of the Cuban Revolution. The route follows the journey from both men's accounts as summarised by historians.
In May 1846 Ida Pfeiffer, a 48-year-old Viennese widow with grown-up sons and very little money, set off to go round the world — mostly alone, on cargo ships, on horseback and with caravans. She came home two and a half years later, in the middle of a revolution, and turned her diaries into a bestseller translated into seven languages. The Royal Geographical Society in London would not admit her, because it did not accept women.
The route follows her first world journey in order, from her own book, A Woman's Journey Round the World: Hamburg, the Brazilian forest, Cape Horn and Valparaíso, Tahiti, Canton, Baghdad, Persia and home. There are no visitor tips for Iraq or Iran.
In spring 1689 the poet Matsuo Bashō gave up his hut in Edo and set off on foot with his friend and disciple Kawai Sora into Oku, the remote north of Japan. For about 156 days and some 2,400 kilometres they walked to the places the old poets had made famous — a barrier gate, a bay of pine islands, a battlefield, a mountain temple — and Bashō answered them with haiku.
The travel diary he made of it, Oku no Hosomichi, published in 1702, is one of the classics of Japanese literature, and its stops are still pilgrimage sites. Bashō polished the facts for art; Sora's own diary shows where. Dates follow the old lunar calendar, so they are given here by season.
In October 1934 the Chinese Communists' main army, beaten by Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists, broke out of its base in Jiangxi and fled west. A year and some 9,000 kilometres later, after river crossings under fire, snow passes and a high-altitude swamp, a few thousand survivors reached northern Shaanxi. On the way, Mao Zedong rose to lead the party, and the retreat became its founding legend.
The route follows the Central Red Army, the best-known of several Long March columns, in date order. Official histories have polished some episodes, and historians still argue about how much fighting there was at Luding Bridge; the texts note where accounts disagree. Most stops now have memorials and museums.
In 1888 Nellie Bly, the star reporter of Joseph Pulitzer's New York World, proposed turning Jules Verne's Around the World in Eighty Days into fact. On 14 November 1889, with two days' notice and as little luggage as she could manage, she sailed from Hoboken to beat Phileas Fogg's fictional record. She came home 72 days, 6 hours and 11 minutes later, a world record — briefly — and a celebrity, while the World's readers guessed her arrival time to the second.
The route follows her book of 1890, stop by stop, with the dates from her own record. She went east by steamer and train, through the Suez Canal and the British ports of Asia.
Before the Minotaur, there was the road. Theseus grew up in Troezen, never knowing his father; when he was old enough to lift a great stone and take the sword and sandals hidden beneath it, he set out to find him in Athens. The safe way was by sea. He chose the coast road round the Saronic Gulf instead, which was infested with bandits, and dealt with each one in the way they had treated travellers.
The route follows the six labours of that journey as Plutarch tells them in his Life of Theseus, written around AD 100 from much older tales. The places are real; the giants and robbers belong to myth, and several sites are traditional guesses.
Three student teachers in Minneapolis wrote The Oregon Trail in two weeks in 1971 for a history class. Its 1985 Apple II version, set in 1848, became a staple of American classrooms — buying oxen, fording rivers, hunting buffalo and, all too often, dying of dysentery — and the series has sold more than 65 million copies. The game was built around real landmarks of the real trail, a 2,170-mile wagon route that some 400,000 emigrants travelled to Oregon and California, mostly between 1846 and 1869, across the homelands of many Native nations.
The route follows the game's stops from Missouri to the Willamette Valley, with what stands at each place today.
In 1990 Christopher McCandless graduated from Emory University, gave his savings to charity and vanished from his family's life. For two years he drifted across America under the name "Alexander Supertramp" — working odd jobs, living in camps, paddling a canoe down the Colorado River into Mexico. In April 1992 he hitchhiked to Alaska and walked into the bush with very little food. He died there that summer, aged 24. Jon Krakauer told his story in the book Into the Wild (1996), filmed by Sean Penn in 2007.
The route follows his documented trail. The Stampede Trail is dangerous, and this route is not an invitation to retrace the last part of it.
In the spring of 334 BC Alexander, the 22-year-old king of Macedon, crossed into Asia with an army of Macedonians and Greeks to make war on the Persian Empire. Eleven years later he had defeated the Persian king Darius III three times, taken Egypt, burned Persepolis and led his men to the rivers of the Punjab — and then died in Babylon at the age of 32, his empire stretching from Greece to India.
The route follows the campaign through its turning points, with Arrian's Anabasis, written four centuries later from earlier accounts, as the main guide. Several battlefields can only be placed approximately; their pins are marked as such.
Between 1947 and 1950 Sal Paradise, a young writer from New Jersey, crosses America again and again — hitchhiking, by bus and in borrowed cars — usually in pursuit of his wild, magnetic friend Dean Moriarty. Jack Kerouac typed the story on a continuous scroll of paper in three weeks in April 1951, and it was published in 1957. Sal is Kerouac, Dean is Neal Cassady, and most of the trips really happened.
The route picks out the places the novel names, from a rainy false start on the Hudson to Mexico City and back to a New York street corner. The novel gives towns and streets rather than addresses, so most pins mark areas, not doors.
