The 1999 Kargil War was fought on the ridges above the Srinagar–Leh highway, around Kargil, Dras, Tololing and Tiger Hill in Ladakh, after Pakistani forces occupied heights on the Indian side of the Line of Control. India calls its campaign Operation Vijay.
The route goes from the highway at Kargil to the battles for Tololing, Tiger Hill and Point 4875, and ends at the Dras war memorial. Both Indian and Pakistani accounts are noted, and many of the heights remain military ground.
In 1939 the Austrian climber Heinrich Harrer went to the Himalaya, and the war turned the trip into a walk to Lhasa. Harrer's memoir Seven Years in Tibet follows his escape from a British camp in India and his walk to Lhasa, where he became tutor to the 14th Dalai Lama.
This route covers six places from Nanga Parbat to the Potala Palace. The 1997 film was shot largely in Argentina, not Tibet, so none of its sets are stops here.
Xuanzang's search for the original Buddhist scriptures runs from Chang'an across the Taklamakan's edge, the Tian Shan and the Hindu Kush to the Buddhas of Bamiyan, then on to Taxila, Kashmir and Nalanda. The monk left in 629 despite a Tang ban on foreign travel, and his record inspired Journey to the West.
His travel record, the Great Tang Records on the Western Regions, is still a key source for the history of Central Asia and India, and his journey inspired the classic novel Journey to the West. The route follows him there and back. There are no travel tips for Afghanistan.
Alexander the Great's route runs from Troy and the Granicus in Turkey to Tyre, Alexandria and Persepolis, and on to the Jhelum in the Punjab. He crossed into Asia at 22, and eleven years later died in Babylon at 32, his empire stretching from Greece to India.
The route follows the campaign through its turning points, with Arrian's Anabasis, written four centuries later from earlier accounts, as the main guide. Several battlefields can only be placed approximately; their pins are marked as such.
